Etheridge Knight collection
Scope and Contents
This collection contains the personal and literary papers in Etheridge Knight’s possession at the time his death in 1991. Some items date as far back as 1965, but most fall into the period from 1982 to 1991. A collection of Knight’s earlier literary and personal papers is housed at the Ward M. Canaday Center at the University of Toledo.
The bulk of this collection is correspondence, which has been subdivided into two categories: personal and professional. The personal correspondence only contains a small quantity of letters written by Etheridge Knight. The remainder of the personal correspondence is comprised of letters received by Knight, organized alphabetically by the name of the author. Mixed in with the personal correspondence are poems and other manuscripts either sent to Knight or given to him during his numerous Free People’s Poetry Workshops. Professional correspondence is organized into files related to the type of publication or vocation.
Most of Knight’s published work was written prior to 1982, and the vast majority of
his manuscripts are collected at the Canaday Center. This collection does, however, include some poem manuscripts and drafts of short stories, essays, and a book review— most of which remain unfinished. Some of the titled poems are slightly revised photocopies of previously published poems, some are most likely handwritten copies of previously published poems, while others are various drafts of published and unpublished poems. There are also poetic fragments, most unpublished.
Box 19 contains incarceration-related materials, which include informational documents from various organizations, news clippings pertaining to prison life and penal reform, and letters from committees and organizations with which Knight was involved.
The collection includes a large amount of promotional material (posters and news releases) concerning Knight’s poetry readings and other literary events, as well as feature newspaper articles on Knight from across the country.
There is also a section of photographs of Knight, his family, and his friends. The photographs are largely undated. Photocopies of Knight’s complete military records are also included in the collection (submitted by the archivist, June 1997), however most of the original records were damaged in a 1973 fire at the U.S. Army Department of Records in St. Louis, making the photocopies virtually Illegible. Where required under the law, certain materials are restricted from access and use.
Additions to the collection are located in boxes 26-27, and consist of a small quantity of correspondence to and about Knight and the Etheridge Knight Collection, writings about Knight, publicity materials, and files on events such as the Etheridge Knight Festival of the Arts and the Honoring Etheridge Knight program at Butler University's Irwin Library.
Dates
- Creation: 1965 - 2020
- Creation: Majority of material found within 1982 - 1991
Conditions Governing Access
Collection is open for research use. Health, financial and legal records are restricted until 2041 (Boxes 20-21, 29).
Conditions Governing Use
Copyright restrictions apply.
Biographical Note
Etheridge Knight was born on April 19, 1931, in Corinth, Mississippi. In 1947, two years after dropping out of school in the eighth grade, Knight joined the army. He saw active duty in the Korean War, during which he received a shrapnel wound. By the time he was discharged from the army in 1957, Knight was struggling with addiction to alcohol and drugs. He turned to crime to support himself, and in 1960 was arrested for robbery. While serving an eight-year prison term in the Indiana State Prison, Knight wrote poetry. Renowned poet Gwendolyn Brooks met Knight during a prison visit and encouraged his writing. In 1968 Knight saw his first book published, Poems from Prison (Broadside Press).
Knight entered a successful period during the early 1970s, enjoying popularity and recognition. He led Free People’s Poetry Workshops (including in Indianapolis), gave numerous readings, and was a poet in residence at the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Hartford, and Lincoln University. His critical acclaim included a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts (1972) and a fellowship from the Guggenheim Foundation (1974). Knight continued to struggle with substance use issues, and periodically sought treatment from veterans' hospitals.
The next decade saw the publication of two volumes of poetry, including The Essential Etheridge Knight (1986), which brought together pieces from his five volumes of poetry. In 1989 Knight once again led a Free People’s Poetry Workshop in Indianapolis, which ran until his death. He worked with Butler University’s Writer’s Studio in 1990, the same year that he earned a bachelor’s degree in American poetry and criminal justice from Martin Center University in Indianapolis. On March 10, 1991, Knight died from lung cancer.
The Etheridge Knight Festival of the Arts was held in Indianapolis in 1992 and 1993 in his honor, and in 1993 the Indiana Arts Commission posthumously awarded Knight the Governor’s Arts Award. In June 2023, a two-story mural honoring Knight was unveiled on the side of the Chatterbox Jazz Club in downtown Indianapolis, where he ran his Free People’s Poetry Workshops. The mural is a part of the City of Indianapolis’ Bicentennial Legends series.
Extent
14.59 Linear Feet (27 boxes, 2 oversize boxes)
2.67 Gigabytes (6 digital oral history interviews)
Language of Materials
English
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Janice Knight and Fran Quinn donated this collection to Butler University Libraries on behalf of the Etheridge Knight estate in October 1997. (Accession Number 1997.01). Additional materials relating to posthumous programming at Butler University and elsewhere were compiled and added to the collection in 1998 (Accession Number 1998.001). Oral history interviews with Etheridge Knight’s family members were donated by Dr. Donald Braid of the Butler University Center for Citizenship and Community in 2022 (Accession Number 2023.009)
Genre / Form
Occupation
Topical
- Title
- Etheridge Knight Collection
- Author
- By Thomas C. Johnson, and Sally Childs-Helton, circa 1997 and early 2000s Revised by Gayle O’Hara, June 2024 Revised by Annie Benefiel, February 2026
- Date
- 2026
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
Repository Details
Part of the Butler University Special Collections and University Archives Repository
4600 Sunset Avenue
Irwin Library 345
Indianapolis Indiana 46208 United States
specialcollections@butler.edu